Apush-Revolution of 1800

AP Essay Redo Kaleb Duncan The appointment of 1800 was viewed as the â€Å"Revolution of 1800† by Thomas Jefferson since it was a change from past Federalist rule, to Republican administration. Economies and plans for them changed significantly with the Republican Party in charge, just as legislative issues at that point. In international strategy, Jefferson got America engaged with the Barbary Wars and the Embargo Act.Previous presidents had done what they could to remain impartial in remote fights and clashes, yet Thomas Jefferson stepped up to the plate and this is additionally present in the XYZ issues with France. Jefferson brought the nation into its genuine first worldwide association. With legal executive, the genuine progressive occurring of the timespan was with the Marbury versus Madison situation when the Supreme Court was given the intensity of legal audit of the laws and activities by the central government. It took into account the Supreme Court to lead governme nt laws invalid in the event that they clashed with the Constitution.Politically, Jefferson trusted in exacting translation of the Constitution not at all like his antecedents. He purchased the Louisiana Purchase which the Constitution didn't completely permit him to do. Under Federalist sees, the economy of the United States was appearing to be progressively increasingly urban with a move from horticultural ways. With Thomas Jefferson being chosen into office, he trusted that America would keep up an exacting agrarian economy with crops being the top fare to remote countries.He needed Americans to remain a basically rustic living country with cultivating the primary part of the economy. The appointment of 1800 was likewise viewed as a transformation since legislative issues changed hands from Federalists with exacting perspectives on centralization and making a more grounded national government to Republicans with the expectations of making solid state lawmaking bodies and a strict er international strategy where assembling was less significant. The progression of Republicans added to it being known as a transformation.

Psychological Profile Tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental Profile Tests - Essay Example The test-retest unwavering quality for the GESS score has been broke down by examination of the information from two organizations of this test to indistinguishable subjects.â The dissipate plots of these two arrangements of information shows an almost indistinguishable pattern.â The incline of each best-fit line for the every datum set is about indistinguishable, similar to the Mean and Standard Deviation.â Because the slants of the best-fit lines are certain numbers near a connection coefficient of +1, 0.94 for GESS 1 and 0.66 for GESS 2, there is a solid positive relationship between's these measurements.â The qualities acquired for the inclines of the GESS 1 and GESS 2 information propose an elevated level of test validity.â An immediate relationship is appeared to exist between GESS 1 and GESS 2 and this is an extremely amazing sign of reliability.â From these perceptions, the GESS test gives off an impression of being profoundly dependable and exceptionally valid.Th e Cronbach’s Alpha worth is 0.84 for the correlation of the information between GESS 1 and GESS 2.â Cronbach’s Alpha is a significant factual investigation technique that exhibits the degree of test-retest reliability.â Empirical proof has demonstrated that a Cronbach’s Alpha score more prominent than 0.7 is vital all together for a mental instrument to have a sufficient level of test-retest reliability.â The high estimation of 0.84 got in this examination shows that the GESS stock has a solid degree of test-retest dependability and is thusly a clinically usable instrument.The test-retest unwavering quality for the ICI score has been dissected by examination of the data.... The present investigation shows that these estimations are basically the equivalent. The test-retest unwavering quality for the GESS score has been investigated by examination of the information from two organizations of this test to indistinguishable subjects. The disperse plots of these two arrangements of information shows an almost indistinguishable example. The slant of each best-fit line for the every datum set is about indistinguishable, just like the Mean and Standard Deviation. Since the slants of the best-fit lines are certain numbers near a connection coefficient of +1, 0.94 for GESS 1 and 0.66 for GESS 2, there is a solid positive relationship between's these estimations. The qualities acquired for the slants of the GESS 1 and GESS 2 information propose a significant level of test legitimacy. An immediate relationship is appeared to exist between GESS 1 and GESS 2 and this is an extremely amazing sign of dependability. From these perceptions, the GESS test gives off an impression of being profoundly solid and exceptionally substantial. The Cronbach's Alpha worth is 0.84 for the correlation of the information between GESS 1 and GESS 2. Cronbach's Alpha is a significant measurable investigation strategy that exhibits the degree of test-retest unwavering quality. Exact proof has demonstrated that a Cronbach's Alpha score more prominent than 0.7 is important all together for a mental instrument to have a satisfactory level of test-retest unwavering quality. The high estimation of 0.84 got in this examination demonstrates that the GESS stock has a solid degree of test-retest unwavering quality and is hence a clinically usable instrument. The test-retest dependability for the ICI score has been dissected by examination of the information from two organizations of this test to indistinguishable subjects. The dissipate plots of these two arrangements of information shows a

Optimization Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Biology Essay Essay Example

Improvement Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Biology Essay Improvement using reaction surface methodological investigation for the extractions of phenoplasts from Citrus hystrix foliage was completed by supercritical liquid extraction. The impacts of CO2 rate, extraction power per unit region and extraction temperature on yield, whole phenolic substance and Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl-IC50 were assessed and contrasted and ethanol extraction. Ethanol implantations and ideal SFE conditions were broke down with HPLC. Among the three factors contemplated, extraction power per unit territory had the most significant impact on the yield, TPC and DPPH-IC50 of the implantations, trailed by CO2 rate and extraction temperature. The ideal states of power per unit territory, CO2 rate and temperature were at 267 bars, 18 g/min and 50oC, severally. The yield, TPC and DPPH-IC50 acquired were 5.06 % , 116.53 milligram GAE/g implantation and IC50 of 0.063 mg/ml, severally. These qualities were tolerably close to their contrary number of anticipated ( p gt ; 0.05 ) . Better concealment and TPC were gotten using SFE technique though higher yield and phenolic acids were seen with ethanol extraction. We will compose a custom exposition test on Optimization Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Biology Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Optimization Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Biology Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Optimization Of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Biology Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The frightening life way and less adjusted supplement utilization all around mostly because of high groupings of free lipid gatherings, both in supplement ( in vitro ) and in vivo after supplement utilization has given to the interest to take a gander at cancer prevention agents as a practical fixing in supplement. Man-made cancer prevention agents, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene ( BHT ) , butylated hydroxyanisole ( BHA ) , tertiary-butyl hydro-quanone ( TBHQ ) and propyl gallate ( PG ) , are regular supplement cell reinforcements. Because of security issues, customer concerns and expanding regulative assessment ( Jamilah et al. , 2009 ; Shahidi. , 1997 ) refering man-made cancer prevention agents, the chance of characteristic cell reinforcements as alternatives is forcefully examined. The foliages of Citrus hystrix, referred to locally as, Limau purut, is utilized in numerous Malayan and South-East Asiatic part neighborhood dishes and medicative readyings. C.hystrix as a pote ntial fresh start of normal cell reinforcement was accounted for by Jamilah et Al. ( 1998 ) , Ching and Mohamed ( 2001 ) , Jaswir et Al. ( 2004 ) , Idris et Al. ( 2008 ) , Chan et Al. ( 2009 ) and Butryee et Al. ( 2009 ) . All mixtures were extricated using the traditional dissolvers, for example, ethyl liquor, methyl liquor, propanone and H2O. To deliver implantations of high phenolic substance and wealthy in cell reinforcements from C. hystrix foliages, requires high extraction proficiency impacted by components, for example, iota size, extraction strategies, dissolvable sort, dissolvable focus, dissolvable to-strong proportion, extraction temperature, power per unit zone and clasp ( Banik et al, 2007 ; Lang et al. , 2001 ; Pinelo et al. , 2005 ; Silva et al. , 2007 ) . Steam distillment and natural dissolver extraction using invasion, maceration and Soxhlet procedures are customarily utilized for the extraction of bioactive mixes from works beginnings. They are non productive and efficient and this can be overwhelmed by using the supercritical C dioxide ( SC-CO2 ) system ( Bimakr et al. , 2009 ) . Carbon dioxide ( basic temperature, power per unit region and thickness ~ 31.18 oC, 72.0 cantina ; 0.47 gcm-3, severally ) is protected, buildup free, non-combustible, in costly and ecologically neighborly ( Pyo and Oo, 2007 ) . The improvement of supercritical liquids for the extraction of regular cancer prevention agents and phenolic mixes from the foliages of C.hystrix has non been accounted for. Subsequently, this review was done with the point of enhancing the extraction of the cancer prevention agent and phenolic acids from the foliages of C. hystrix using supercritical C dioxide ( SC-CO2 ) liquid extraction by evolving or potentially fixing realized factors related with the extraction strategies. 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Reagents utilized Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent ( FCR ) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl ( DPPH ) were bought from Sigma ( St Louis MO USA ) . Carbone dioxide, ( immaculateness 99.99 % ) , joining in a Carbone dioxide plunge tubing chamber, was bought from Malayan Oxygen ( MOX ) , Malaysia. Supreme ethyl liquor ( 99.4 % , investigative class ) , the qualifier for SC-CO2 methodology, acetonitrile and methyl liquor ( HPLC class ) as the itinerant stage for HPLC and phenolic acids measures ( vanillic corrosive, syringic corrosive, p-coumaric corrosive, M-cumeric, trans cinnamic corrosive, benzoic corrosive, Gallic corrosive and sinapic corrosive ) were bought from Fisher Scientific Chemical ( Loughborough, England ) . Every other concoction utilized were either logical or HPLC class. 2.2 Preparation of Sample The foliages of C. hystrix were gotten from Pasar Borong, an entire deal advertise at Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia. After coming to at the exploration lab, foliages were arranged, washed under running tap H2O, stove dried at 40AÂ °C for 24h and put away at surrounding temperature off from the noticeable radiation. The dried foliages were land simply before extraction in a liquidizer ( MX-335, Panasonic, Malaysia ) for 10s to deliver a pummeling with an approximative iota size of 0.5mm ( Bimak et al. , 2009 ) . 2.3 Solvent Extraction The phenolic mixes in the C. hystrix leaves powder were removed orchestrating to Jamilah et Al. ( 1998 ) with little modifications. The primary measure included absorbing the pummeling 95 % ethyl liquor for 24h at 50oC at an ethyl liquor to flick proportion of 10:1 ( v/w ) . The oil implantation was so sifted and gathered by disintegrating at 40oC in the rotational evaporator ( Eyela, A-1000S, Japan ) .When the ethyl liquor was dissipated off the concentrated imbuement was moved into earthy colored glass bottles, flushed with N and kept at 25oC until utilization. The extraction was done in triplicate 2.4 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ( SC-CO2 ) Extraction Supercritical C dioxide ( SC-CO2 ) liquid extraction using the supercritical liquid extractor ( ABRP200, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ) , with a 500 milliliter extractor vas appended, was completed orchestrating to Bimark et Al. ( 2009 ) with little changes. The stream pace of CO2 and modifier, extraction temperature, power per unit zone and clasp were balanced using ICE bundle combined with the supercritical liquid extractor. The fluid CO2 was pressurized and warmed to the desired power per unit territory and temperature with the help of power per unit region siphon ( P-50, Pittsburg, PA, USA ) to make the supercritical area before go throughing it into the extraction vas. Total ethyl liquor was utilized as the qualifier to better the extraction of phenoplasts from C.hystrix foliages and fixed at a stream pace of 3 milliliters/min for all trial processs. The continuation of the dormant extraction cut was fixed at 30 min, while the dynamic extraction cut was constant at 90 min. Fifty gms of C. hystrix foliages ( pummeling ) was varying with 150g glass dabs ( 2.0 millimeter in widths ) to organize the stream rate and the blend was set in the extractor vas. The extraction was so performed under grouped test conditions as produced by the reaction surface methodological investigation ( RSM ) plan. EtOH was expelled from the mixtures by vacuity vaporization using a turning evaporator ( Eyela, A-1000S, Japan ) at 40 AÂ °C. The imbuements were gathered in the unit of ammo bottle flagon ( twisted with aluminum foil to limit light presentation and in this manner oxidization ) thus set in the broiler at 40AÂ °C for 30 min before being moved into desiccators for finishing up unchanging weight. Mixtures were moved into earthy colored glass bottles, flashed with N and put away in a profound freeze of - 25AÂ °C until more distant examination. The extractions were done in additional items. 2.5 Determination of Total Phenolic Content ( TPC ) The whole phenolic substance of C.hystrix foliage imbuements was resolved using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent blending to the technique depicted by Singletone et Al. ( 1999 ) . An aliquot of the imbuement ( 0.5mL ) was placed in 0.5mL of Folin reagent, under diminish noticeable radiation before 10mL ( 7 % ) of Na carbonate was included. The blend was so left in obscurity for 60A min. The optical thickness of the blend was estimated against EtOH ( space ) at 725A nanometers by using an UV-Visible spectrophotometer ( UV-1650PC, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan ) . The normalization condition for Gallic corrosive, communicated as Gallic corrosive identical ( GAE ) in mg/g imbuement, was y = 0.0064x + 0.0093 ( R2 = 0.9972 ) . 2.6 Determination of Free Radical Scavenging Activity Free radical searching action of C.hystrix foliage mixtures was estimated blending to the procedure depicted by Ramadan et Al. ( 2006 ) with little modifications. A 0.1A milliliter aliquot of toluenic test arrangement at various focuses was included with 0.39A milliliters of new toluenic 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl ( DPPH ) arrangement ( 0.1A millimeter ) . Triplicates were done for every focus. The blends were shaken adroitly and left in obscurity for 60A min and optical thickness was perused against unadulterated methylbenzene ( clean ) at 515A nanometers using an UV-Visible spectrophotometer ( UV-1650PC, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan ) . The free fanatic rummaging action of implantations was determined as follows: % Inhibition = ( [ Acontrol-Asample ]/Acontrol ) *100 Where AcontrolA =A optical thickness of the cont

English Bullet Point Essay Samples

English Bullet Point Essay SamplesIn this article, we will be discussing about English bullet point essay samples. These English bullet point essay samples will prove to be helpful in coming up with your own paper when you are writing your English essay.When it comes to writing a paper, you can find English bullet point essay samples that come in handy. You may have to research into different resources on the internet or seek assistance from a book store and find the kind of paper you want to write. There are many websites on the internet that offer papers for free and many of them are highly detailed and can help you come up with the best essay you want to write.When it comes to research, you need to find out the styles and languages used in this specific class. English is one of the most widely used forms of writing since there are many different countries that use this as a primary form of communication. There are also various kinds of different accents used in the English languag e to suit certain needs.English language experts have already compiled a very useful and simple guide on how to write an essay. There are a number of resources available to help you come up with an essay that could grab the attention of your audience. Many of these resources include English bullet point essay samples.This can help you save some time while going through all the materials that can be used to make up your own essay. One of the best things about these English bullet point essay samples is that you can find out what your instructor's style is.In case you are not sure which type of English bullet point essay samples to look for, then check out the syllabus and see what it is and how many of the sample paper is used. The syllabus is not usually the best example of what they are going to use and the samples are one of the best tools you could use in helping you create a good English essay.There are many methods available online to help you craft your English essay. Whether you are preparing to take an exam or just need help coming up with a great essay, there are many resources you can use to help you generate your essay that is well written and presented.

Measuring the level of Employee Satisfaction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3022 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Employee Satisfaction is the individual happiness that employees get from the fulfillment of their requirements and needs at work. The gratification of the employee can come from performing the work for which they have been employed for, from being treated fairly by employers or even just by having a friendly working environment and co-workers. Blum and Naylor (1984), viewed employee satisfaction as being the result of various attitudes the employee held towards his job towards related factors and towards life in general. According to research made, (Anon 2006), the term employee satisfaction which is usually associated to being pleasure, comfort and happiness at work, is viewed from a different approach as Fulfillment Satisfaction. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Measuring the level of Employee Satisfaction" essay for you Create order According to this article employee satisfaction, redefined as fulfillment satisfaction, is more than the traditional definition of an employee being comfortable with his work but instead is the combination of personal satisfaction of the employee as well as the satisfaction with groups around him, like for example satisfaction with the work, leadership and other relations. DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION: Motivation is a word that from the Latin word Movere, includes many other terms like, desires, wants, wishes, aims, goals, needs, drives, motives and incentives. The motivational cycle consists mainly of needs, drives and incentives whereby needs are produced whenever people have a physiological or psychological imbalance and as a direction to ease the shortage in needs, drives are set up. As a result incentives are there, to ease needs and drives. According to Westwood (1992:288), Motivation is an internal state experienced by the individual, while external factors including other people can also affect a persons motivational state. Motivation is developed within the individual and is unique to that individual. In a motivational state, the individual experiences a desire, intention or pressure to act. IMPORTANCE OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION: One of the main importances for organizations to keep their employees satisfied, is to enhance employee retention and reduce turnover. Retaining employees is important since it saves the organization from high financial cost which may be direct or indirect costs, prevents the organization from losing expertise and saves the organizational image. The cost of turnover, that is the percentage of employees leaving the organization and the cost of re-recruiting and providing training may be escaped if employees are satisfied. Moreover, the survival of certain companies depends highly on the critical skills of its employees, keeping them satisfied is elementary as if these types of employees leave, the time it will take to recruit and train new one, may lead the organization to suffer in the short term. Secondly employees may be more motivated to work if they are being satisfied, as a result the organization may benefit from an increase in productivity where, employees may be more pro ductive, reduce cost of production and the company may set better prices to customers. Moreover satisfied, competent and energized employees would be caring about the quality of the goods and services that they would be producing. Employees will produce and deliver greater value to customer thus leading to increase in customer satisfaction. If customers are satisfied with products or services being offered to them this will enhance their satisfaction and loyalty towards the business. As a result satisfied employees may lead to satisfied customers and opportunities for the organization to expand or to increase sales if customers through indirect advertising, recommend other consumers to turn towards the organization for their purchase. Finally employee satisfaction can also lead employees to be committed, more energetic and also improve their teamworking ability, which will enhance participation and involvement and provide employees with the satisfaction of playing a role in th e work being done and they will also be able to share ideas and learn from their teamworkers. INDICATORS OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION Employees, often relate their satisfaction to characteristics like the work itself, the pay, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. There are various indicators or criteria to evaluate the satisfaction of an employee, especially in the retail sector. The following criteria are used: Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction, not to be confused with employee satisfaction, can be described as being the result of employees perception of how well their job is providing them with the many things that are important to them and opportunity to do interesting tasks, to learning and accept responsibility. Job satisfaction can be represented as being either an emotional response to a job situation or how well outcomes meet employees set expectations. Herzberg et al (1957) stated that the term job satisfaction is multidimensional and that there can be satisfaction with the specific activities of the job; with the place and working conditions under which the job is performed or with other factors such as economic rewards, security or social prestige (Topolosky 2000, p.14). Extensive research made by Turner and Lawrence (1965), revealed that other factors that can affect employees satisfaction towards its work are; task variety, autonomy, feedback, identity and significance. Pay, Compensation and Benefits Wages and salaries are known to be a significant factor affecting satisfaction of employees not only in the retail sector but mostly in every sector. Money not only helps people to satisfy their basic needs but is also important in satisfying their upper-level needs. Most employees usually think that they are worth more than they get as revenue, as such the result of having a large gap between the amount they had expected and the amount they are getting, can lead to dissatisfaction and turnover. Locke (1969) stated that satisfaction is determined by the simple difference between what the person wants and what he perceives he receives. The more his wants exceed what he receives, the greater his dissatisfaction, (as cited in Lawler, 1994, p.85). Benefits are also important in this sector but not as influential as the monetary value, pay holds. This may be because employees do not really know what and how much they are receiving and the value of these benefits. According to researc h made by Henessey Jr. et al (1992), many studies showed that employees are unaware of the additional amount spent by employers in the contribution of benefits for them, one example may be that of the Hewitt associates (1985, Henessey Jr. et al 1992). Potential types of benefits in the retail sector might be medical insurance, vacation time, sick time and other benefits like part-time work, insurance or retirement benefits. Studies made by Henessey Jr et al (1992) stated that organizations can use benefits as a defensive strategy against competitors and keep their level position from employees point of view. Moreover according to Sutton (1985 and 1986), firms who provide higher level of insurance and retirement benefit have a lower rate of turnover. Relationship with senior management Employees especially in this sector do hold importance to the relationship they have with top management. Employees normally appreciate to be known by their employers, that the latter are aware of their personal work and performance, receive feedback, as these give them a greater sense of belonging to the organization. Since most people in this sector are normally at the lower level, they do not really get a chance to know or to communicate with the higher level, as such they cannot figure out clearly whether they are important to the organization or not and this in certain cases, these do affect their satisfaction. Relationship with immediate superior The relationship with immediate supervisors is one other important factor affecting employee satisfaction. In this field of retailing, there usually exists a middle level which is also referred as the supervisory level and acts as the intermediary level between the employees and senior management. This level is very important as the supervisors are the one who act as leaders to the employees and can greatly affect their daily motivation and satisfaction. One way supervisors can affect employee satisfaction is through being employee focused that is by caring and taking into account the personal interest of the subordinates. This can be in the form like communicating with subordinates on personal basis as well as in an official way, asking about the health of the employee if the latter was ill or giving advice and support to the employee. Another way by which supervisors affect an employees satisfaction is by giving employees the chance to participate or influence in making dec ision about their own jobs. This participation concerning their own work usually is more important for employees, than participating in any other decision making. Relationship with colleagues/co workers Being in a team or a group with friendly, helpful and cooperative co-workers or team members is a humble source of satisfaction to individual employees. Members in a tight group are more likely to be those who will support, give comfort, advice and assistance whenever their team members require. According to David Mc Clelland, an employee who has more friends and less enemies in a working team tend to be accepted by the other members of the group and has a greater sense of belonging and better satisfaction. From recent research it has been stated that, where there is considerable interdependence among members of a group in order to do a job, there will be greater satisfaction and on the other hand if there is no good relations among the members of the group, the satisfaction of the members may be affected. Promotions and Career development There are different types of promotions and different types of rewards attached to them. For example getting the opportunity to climb the ladder and getting a higher position in the organization or having an increase in salary might be satisfying for some people and dissatisfying for others. Since in the recent years, organizations have been cutting down levels in their hierarchy and the accompanying empowerment strategies, employees in the retail tend to be more going for the type of promotion based on their performance, hours of work, overtime rather than being promoted based on experience. THEORETICAL VIEWS OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND MOTIVATION Employee satisfaction and work motivation are often considered to be the same thing. It should be noted that employee satisfaction is very distinctive from motivation, since employee satisfaction is concerned about employees feelings towards their work and motivation is concerned with the behaviors employees tend to have in their work and which can positively or negatively affect their work. Many theories of motivation however are used in explaining behaviors and partly in predicting what can be done to satisfy employees. According to Furnham (1992), employee satisfaction and motivation are often discussed side by side, since it is debatable that the degree to which an employee can be satisfied at work is due to the factors and situations that motivate him. Some of the theories of motivation that are used for this report are namely; Maslow Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, Equity Theory and Expectancy Theory Maslows Hierarchy of Needs One of the theories that are mostly known is that of Maslows theory hierarchy of needs. Maslow believed that normal people have five types of needs which can be set up in a hierarchical way. These needs are such in a way that those at the most bottom level must be satisfied before the next upper level can be met. Abraham Maslow believed that once a level is satisfied and it no longer motivates, the next higher level of need has to be activated in order for the person to be motivated. Figure Physiological needs found at the lowest part of the hierarchy, are those basic needs such as food, air, water, shelter and clothing that employees want to satisfy first. For employees to get motivated by higher level of needs, the basic needs have to be satisfied. This is possible when employers provide their employees with a salary that enable them to afford reasonable living conditions and meet their physiological needs. After basic needs have been met, safety needs are activated whereby employees will seek safety both emotionally as well as physically. Types of safety that employees will consider to satisfy are, non-threatening, secure, predictable habitable environment. The next upper level after safety needs have been satisfied, are the social needs which refers to individuals need to affiliate with other people, to be liked and accepted by colleagues and co-workers. People need to feel liked and integrated with their fellow friends at work. The fourth level in the hi erarchy is the need for self-esteem whereby employees objective is to acquire respect and agreement of others. At this level, employees ambitions are diverted towards achieving success, prestige and recognition by others who are at the same level. Types of employees expectations that would satisfy them at this level would be receiving awards, prizes etc. At the self-actualization level, employees are at the highest of all their needs. At this level employees seek to self-fulfilled themselves, like working out to their full potential, their creativity and their desire to be one who is capable of doing anything. According to Furnham (1992), there are few jobs that actually have the scope of providing employees the opportunity to self-actualize. Maslow separated the five levels of needs into two order level of needs. Physiological needs and safety needs are considered to be the lower-order needs and the social, self-esteem and self-actualization needs are considered to be of high er-order needs. The difference between the two types of needs is that lower-order needs are needs that can be satisfied by external factors whereas higher-order needs can be satisfied internally, by individuals. Herzberg Two-Factor Theory Herzberg et al (1959) came up with the theory that employees have two types of needs which are the hygiene and motivator needs. Individuals hygiene needs also known as dissatisfiers which resemble Maslows (1954) lower-order needs, are satisfied by external factors which are concerned with the environment of the job whereas the motivator needs also known as satisfiers relate more specifically to the job itself and its consequences. In the retail context, hygiene needs can be for example the salary, the supervision, the relationship with coworkers, benefits, physical working conditions and examples of motivator needs can be employees achievement, career advancement, responsibility or the work itself. According to this theory, if the extrinsic factors that are required by hygiene needs, are favorable, satisfaction is not result but it is rather defined as a reduction or elimination in job dissatisfaction and motivator needs however when are met, can be said to lead to job satisf action. Equity Theory The Equity theory developed by the psychologist J. Stacy Adams (1963), suggests that employees make social comparisons with others on the basis of their outputs and inputs as they perceive they are. The inputs, in the context of employees in the retail sector are referred to the contribution of employees in their work, for example, the hours of work, their effort, their qualifications or ideas they brought in whereas outputs here refer to what workers believe they get out of their job like, pay, benefits or recognition. This theory argues that employees will give good performance and get satisfaction where there will be equity in the ratio of their outputs and their inputs when compared to other employees ratio. According to research made by Chui (2000, cited Isen and Baron 1991), employees who supposed they were not being treated equitably as others, would normally express discontentment, frustration and anger. Expectancy Theory The expectancy theory from Vrooms is based on the three types of beliefs that employees have; namely, expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Expectancy is the belief that ones effort will give performance as result; instrumentality is the belief that the performance obtained will be rewarded and valence is the value that employees perceive, the rewards have. It is considered that motivation is based on the multiplication of all of the three components; that is for example if performance and reward is high but the value of reward is low, this will result in low motivation. Thus for motivation to be high, expectancy, instrumentality and valence should be high. Porter and Lawler expanded the expectancy theory by setting up a model. Porter and Lawler model explained that the level of motivation of employees is not equal to their job performance but is rather another determinant that affects job performance. Figure According to this model, performance is a result of the combination of effort, clarity of what is expected and the skill required to do the job. The first expectancy in this model is that if an employee has the right perception of what needs to be done, has the skills, has the physical and mental abilities required and is enough motivated to exert the effort required, a good job performance can be expected. The second expectancy here is that, given the job have been successfully accomplished rewards will follow. These rewards may be intrinsic such as job satisfaction or extrinsic like pay or recognition. However whether job performance will lead to intrinsic rewards depend on the job, whereas the relationship between extrinsic rewards and satisfaction will depend on the individual perceived equity. RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION In the retail sector, service quality is gaining high importance and more and more organizations are concentrating on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty while less attention is given to employee satisfaction and commitment for employees that are directly connected to customer services, however it should be considered that according to studies made in the field of services, it has been shown that service quality is closely related to employee satisfaction (Cronin and Taylor, 1992; Oliver, 1993; Babakus et al., 2004). Providing service of quality is considered to be a key strategy for success of companies in todays competitive environment (Parasuraman et al. 1985). According to Gronroos (1998), Service quality is usually defined as being the gap between the quality of service delivered by the organization and the expected service performance by employees. As per Zeithaml et al (1990), employee satisfaction is an imperative factor in determining service quality. Eskildse n et al (2000) stated that various studies showed that satisfied employees are greatly motivated, have a better morale while doing their work and eventually perform more effectively and efficiently. According to research made by Reicher and Sasser (1990), it is stated that the greater the level of employee satisfaction, the greater the probability of getting customer satisfaction and the ability to withhold them.

Taking a Look at the Death Penalty - 918 Words

The death penalty is one of the oldest punishments in the world. It has many kinds and always appeared with blood and fright in the history. As the world developing, we got stuck in a problem, that whether we should abolish the death penalty. We have many arguments about the death penalty at present. There are more than 140 countries abolished it. Also the 58 nations with 65 percent population still used it, like China, America, Japan. Many lawyers, judges, politics and scholars also have their own opinions about the death penalty, some thinks the death penalty should be abolished because the death penalty cannot reduce the criminal rate. on the contrary, it increase the criminal rate like America. But others don’t think so. In a word, whether the death penalty should be abolished or not is a argument topic. we think the death penalty should be abolished, and there are three reasons. James’ part Crime has not decreased because of the death penalty surprised us. Because there are some serious crime hurts the people too much, some people decided to punish them and reduce criminal rates and then created death penalty. The feeling illusion may be a most of us agree with them that it can reduce criminal rate and prevent citizens to crime. But in fact, a research about the relation of the dead penalty and criminal rate by United Nations in 1988 and 2002 is opposite to the common sense. The research tells us a unbelievable result that the criminal rate is direct influenced byShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1195 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty Many criminals who commit murder are sentenced to death for the crimes they have committed. The death penalty is a highly controversial practice and the question that must be raised is: Should society continue to use the death penalty as a punishment for heinous crimes? Currently, this turbulent topic continues to be argued. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, there are already eighteen states that have abolished this archaic form of justice. Our society is movingRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1013 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty should be allowed under circumstances also known as capital punishment, where congress or any state legislature recommend the death penalty for murder and other capital crimes. Majority of the states are favor in death penalty, roughly around 32 states are favor and 18 states are against death penalty. In most cases, many argue that death penalty has violated the 8th amendment, where it bans cruel and unusual punishment. Therefore, they would go against death penalty. However, withoutRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty694 Words   |  3 Pagesgenerations to come. This is where the death penalty comes into place. What type of feelings would you encounter knowing your children were in danger on a daily basis? We are capable of putting certain people away for our safety. The death penalty may be expensive, but it should stand nationwide on the grounds that it lowers crime rates and it is justified. The death penalty is too expensive to enact. Every case having to do with the penalty of death costs an extra chunk load of money, trialsRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1168 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty To have a loved one taken away in such a cruel manner to have a memory that haunts you every living moment. The death penalty would not merely add up for what has happened to you or family. The death penalty should be illegal for many reasons such it is immoral, it doesn’t ensure closure for the victim or the victim’s family, and although some people think that the death penalty will deter crime it really is ineffective overall. Many people think it is right to kill someone forRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty659 Words   |  3 PagesThe death penalty occurs when someone kills another human being for money, ether intention, knowing or even recklessly. â€Å"The death penalty violates the right to life as proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the right to be free from cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.† (The Ultimate Denial of Human Rights) in this world, no one has the right to take another human being’s life, every human being is entitled to life. According to Reggio, the death penalty startedRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1029 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty has been around for decades, and since the beginning it has been a major topic of discussion. It’s been very controversial because there are religious issues and moral issues in some people’s minds. The death penalty is a topic that has always had moral principles and ethical issues. There’s really no in between with what people believe, they are either fully for the death penalty, or completely against it. However, both sides have completely ethical reasons as to why they believeRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty614 Words   |  2 Pages Capital punishment or the death penalty is a legal process where a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime that person has committed. Forms of Capital punishment has been around for hundreds of years. Execution of criminals have been used by almost every so ciety that has ever existed. People were executed for all types of crimes from being accused of witch craft to lying. In some cases a vast amount of people were put to death with capital punishment. In the 20th century tens of millionsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Punishment Of Execution1247 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the death penalty? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. In the reading selection â€Å"The DEATH PENALTY in AMERICA† Bedau says that â€Å"The history of the death penalty in America can be useful if roughly divided into six epochs of very uneven duration and importance (3)†.The author is saying that the history of the death penalty can be usefully if it is separate into different time period. The author says â€Å"first, from theRead MoreThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment is known to some people one of the cruelest punishmen t to humanity. Some people believe giving a person the death penalty does not solve anything. While others believe it is payback to the criminal for the crime they have committed. There have been 13,000 people executed since the colonial times, among 1900 and 1985 there were 139 innocent people sentence to death only 23 were executed. In 1967 lack of support and legal challenges cut the execution rate to zero bringing the practiceRead MoreCessation of Life: Who are we to choose?- A look into the Death Penalty686 Words   |  3 Pagescrime, sometimes the only justice seems to be an eye for an eye. And most of the time those victims look to our court systems to provide that justice. But is death the answer? I believe that with human fallibility and the fallibility of our court system as variables, that a sentence that cannot be overturned should not be passed down in any case, especially when that sentence is as irreversible as death. In an editorial from USA Today found on death penaltyinfo.org, Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is

Destination Marketing for Product Marketing- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theDestination Marketingfor Product Marketing. Answer: Introduction: Destination marketing is a renowned term in the marketing industry that refers to a process by which a state, any town or city is promoted to increase the number of the visitor on that place. It can be defined a form of tourism advertisement for a particular place (Dwyer et al. 2014). The following article is discussing about the destination marketing. It has enlightened various aspects of destination marketing. It has concentrated on Srilanka as a subject of destination marketing. The article has provided a vivid concept of destination marketing. Literature Review: According to many reports, Destination marketing is a subset of tourism advertisement. It aims at influencing people to visit any place, town and city (Line Runyan, 2014). Some analysts have distinguished product marketing from destination marketing. They have stated further that the in product marketing, favorite products of the consumers are often delivered via distribution channel. However, in case of destination marketing, consumers are moved to other places. According to some reports, destination marketing has put a significant impact on the growth of the tourism industry of various countries (Marine-Roig Clav, 2015). The growth of destination marketing has transformed the scenario of the tourism industry of several countries. Eventually it has fostered the financial growth of those countries. The primary objective of the destination marketing is to draw the attention of large number of explorers towards any destination. According to some reports, every tourism industry wants to ensure that their potential consumers are interested in the place. The organizational managementt of various tourism industry use destination marketing as the key tool to promote any rural destination (Pike Page, 2014). Branding Destination Marketing: Destination branding signifies the most important aspect of a particular destination. The aim of the destination marketing is to attract large number of travel lovers towards the tourist destination. According to some reports destination marketing provides transparent picture about a tourist destination to the explorers. Tourism industries often communicate about the special offers they are providing to the consumers for visit that particular destination. The concept of branding plays crucial role in marketing any product or service (Wang, Li Li, 2013). Visioning In Destination Marketing: Visioning plays crucial role to influence stakeholders. It is highly responsible for attracting maximum number of tourists towards the destination. It encourages participating in the development of the tourist destination. According to some analysts, destination marketing is important for giving a clear overview of the tourist destination. Visioning of destination marketing includes the planning based on which the tourism industry must develop in that particular area. Visioning encourages stakeholders to participate in the development of a specific place to transform it into a tourist destination and grab attention of the large number of people from every corner of the world (Yang, Pan Song, 2014). Positioning in Destination Marketing: Position is a key element of the marketing communication. The primary objective of the positioning is to put a significant impact among the potential consumers. It defines various features of the tourist destination to the consumers. It aims at distinguishing that specific place from other places (Webster Ivanov, 2014). Branding of Tourism Srilanka: Trincomalee is one of the coastal areas of Srilanka. It is located 264 away from Colombo. This place is not renowned among the tourists. This place is considered as one of the most beautiful places of Srilanka. This place is very close to nature. The city is divided into inner and outer harbors. In Trincomalee Tamil is mostly spoken by the local natives. The beaches of Trincomalee are accessible for all kind of sea crafts in all weather (Buultjens, Ratnayake Gnanapala, 2016). Target Market: The target market of the Srilanka tourism industry is the travelers who want to escape from the busy schedule and spend some leisure time in a peaceful destination. Explorers who love scenic beauty are the target market of tourism industry of Srilanka. Visioning of Tourism Srilanka: The vision of tourism Srilanka is to attract travelers from every corner of the world and develop the tourism infrastructure as well as financial infrastructure of the country. The tourism industry of Srilanka is looking for investors who can provide sufficient financial support to establish a better future for the tourism industry of Srilanka. The tourism industry of Srilanka aims at improving the quality of their service and improves the tourism infrastructure of the country to attract more potential consumers. Positioning of Tourism Srilanka: The positioning of Trincomalee is its attractive features. The scenic beauty of Trincomalee has capability to draw the attention of explores. People can enjoy sea life of Trincomalee. They can enjoy the beauty of the sea and forest parks. However, the visitors can face congestion during peak hours (Hays, Page Buhalis, 2013). Recommendation: The government of Srilanka must pay close attention to improve the quality of their service and products. They must improve the communication and transportation system of the city to offer more efficient service to the tourists. In order to provide more excellent experience t the visitors, the local government must maintain the atmosphere of the beach and must avoid all kind of practice that can increase the rate of pollution in the environment. They must encourage local art and craft to improve the quality, so it can attract more visitors. Conclusion: As per the previous discussion it can e concluded that destination marketing plays crucial role in the development of financial infrastructure of every country. It works as a tool to draw the attention of large number of consumers towards a specific destination. The development of the economic infrastructure of every country is highly dependent on the tourism industry. Destination marketing acts as a tourism advertisement to grab e attention of the travelers towards a particular city, town or any rural area. Srilanka tourism industry must pay some close attention to improve quality of their tourism service. Reference: Buultjens, J. W., Ratnayake, I., Gnanapala, W. A. C. (2016). Post-conflict tourism development in Sri Lanka: implications for building resilience.Current Issues in Tourism,19(4), 355-372. Dwyer, L., Pham, T., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R. (2014). Destination marketing of Australia: Return on investment.Journal of Travel Research,53(3), 281-295. Hays, S., Page, S. J., Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations.Current issues in Tourism,16(3), 211-239. Line, N. D., Runyan, R. C. (2014). Destination marketing and the service-dominant logic: A resource-based operationalization of strategic marketing assets.Tourism Management,43, 91-102. Marine-Roig, E., Clav, S. A. (2015). Journal of Destination Marketing Management. Pike, S., Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature.Tourism Management,41, 202-227. Wang, D., Li, X. R., Li, Y. (2013). China's smart tourism destination initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logic.Journal of Destination Marketing Management,2(2), 59-61. Webster, C., Ivanov, S. (2014). Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?.Tourism Management,40, 137-140. Yang, Y., Pan, B., Song, H. (2014). Predicting hotel demand using destination marketing organizations web traffic data.Journal of Travel Research,53(4), 433-447.